Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica MCM-41

Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica MCM-41 Results and Discussions The present study included the synthesis of mesoporous silica MCM-41 and its modification by impregnation of different metals on the mesoporous to enhance the photocatalytic activity of metals i.e Cu/MCM-41, Fe/MCM-41, CeO2/MCM-41. FTIR analysis of catalyst MCM-41 has the ability to impregnate numerous metals on its surface. MCM-41 was modified with metal salts in order to dope the metals on the surface of mesoporous material was characterized by FTIR analysis. The FT-IR spectra furnished the information about the incorporation of metals on the surface of MCM-41. The FT-IR spectra of synthesized material in the region of 4000 400 cm-1 in transmission mode using platinium ATR, a single reflection sampling module spectrophotometr, and shown in Fig. 5. The uncalcined MCM41 and calcined MCM41 spectra (Fig. 5A. a, b) show intense band at wavenumber 1100 and 802 cm-1 which accounts for the asymmetric and symmetric stretching of the Si-O-Si bonds, respectively.[i] The bands at 970 cm-1 and 460 cm-1 was assigned to the stretching and bending vibrations of surface Si-O- groups respectively.[ii] The sharp peaks at 2864.72cm-1 and 2922.14 cm-1 were due to the presence of surfactant before calcinations of MCM-41.[iii] For calcined MCM41, the bands at 2852 cm-1 and 2921 cm-1 corresponding to the long chain of alkyl group of the surfactant molecules were disappeared after calcination shows the completely removal of surfactants molecules. The differences of the intensities of the peaks in the FT-IR spectra of MCM-41 and MCM-41/ CeO2, are abserved which resulted from the doping of CeO2. A strong absorption peak at 1,632 cm−1 is observed in the spectra of MCM-41/CeO2, and it indicates the formation of Ce-O-Ce.[iv] About copper and iron also add TGA analysis of MCM-41: XRD analysis of MCM-41: Photocatalytic studies by using the metal dopped MCM-41: The metal dopped MCM-41 was studied for the photocatalytic degradation of commonly used pharmaceutics including salts of diclofenac (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NAID)) and atorvastatin (antihyper lipoproteinemic drug). For this purpose the solutions od these drugs were prepared and degradation potential of metal dopped mesoporous silicate was studied by optimizing various parameters i.e the amount of catalyst, the pH, the light, substrate concentration, metal loading on MCM-41. Effect of pH The interaction between the pharmaceutics and metal dopped mesoporous are dependent on the pH of the solution therefore the optimization of pH is important to achieve maximum degradation efficiency. During the present study, the degradation process was optimized by changing the pH from 3.5 to 10.5 over 10 wt% M/MCM-41(M= Cu, Fe, Ce) with 1 g l_1 of 0.114 mM drug solution. The pH of the pharmaceutic solution is adjusted with 0.1 M HCl and 0.1 M NaOH. The results obtained are shown in Fig. 3d. At acidic pH, the rate of degradation is faster as compared to high and neutral pH. The results clearly show that acidic pH is ideal for the degradation of the pharmaceutics. Effect of light intensity on degradation of pharmaceutic: The photolysis of pharmaceutic was studied under UV irradiation and dark. The log natural decay curves (In Ct/Co) of pharmaceutic versus irradiation time were displayed in (Fig. 3-5). The data for dark control samples were also elaborated in Fig. 6. Photodegradation of diclofenac sodium and atorvastatin under UV light in distilled water and methanol respectively were determined during the summer season (March-september) as displayed in Fig.3. The determined half life of 50 ppm diclofenac sodium in distilled water under UV light was 2.5h and in dark it was observed as 3 h. The rate of reaction varied from 2.8Ãâ€"10-3 to 2.3Ãâ€"10-3 when pharmaceutic was shifted from UV light to dark. Effect of metal loading on MCM-41 The effect of metal loading over MCM-41 on the photocatalytic activity is investigated and the results are shown in Fig. 2a. The degradation studies are carried out with increase of metal (wt%)5, 10 and 15 using 1 g l_1 of catalyst amount in 50 ml pharmaceutics solution. It is observed that 5–10 wt% increase in metal loadings, the photocatalytic activity increases and there is not much degradation rate at higher loadings. Among all the catalysts, 10 wt% M/MCM- 41 (M= Cu, Fe and Ce) showed most efficient photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutics i.e., complete degradation within 90 min. The loss in the activity with increase in metal percent loading is due to the excess amount of metal oxide dispersed over MCM-41 that blocks the mesopores results a decrease in adsorption capacity. The turbidity of the solution also blocks penetration of light into the solution. Thus, the metal loading over the support clearly shows that one has to optimize the metal content, simultaneously re taining the active sites for adsorption in order to achieve the effective synergism. Effect of catalyst amount To optimize the amount of catalyst required for effective pharmaceutic photocatalytic degradation, different catalyst amounts (0.25–1.5 g l_1) are studied with 10 wt% M/MCM-41 and the results are shown in Fig. 3a. It is observed that 1.0 g l_1 is found to be the optimum. By increasing 0.25– 1.0 g l_1, the photocatalytic activity is increased and at higher contents the activity is not beneficial. This may be due to the fact that higher amount of the catalyst is obstructing the path of light penetration into the solution (i.e., scattering of light) thus reducing the OH radicals formation. Effect of substrate concentration The effect of 0.094, 0.1571 and 0.2829 mM pharmaceutics concentrations are performed over 10 wt% M/MCM-41 catalyst with 1 g l_1 amount for degradation. From Fig. 3b, it is observed that at lower concentrations, the adsorption is more compared to higher concentrations. There is a slight difference in degradation at 0.094, 0.1571 mM concentrations in comparison to 0.2829 mM. Also, it is acknowledged that the degradation is solely depends on the OH radical formation. The production of OH radicals is not sufficient in comparison to the amount of pharmaceutic adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalyst at higher concentrations. In view of this it suggests that, there should be equilibrium between adsorption of reactant molecules and OH radicals generated from the active sites. The 0.1571 mM concentration of pharmaceutic is found to be optimum for 10 wt% M/MCM-41 catalyst using 1 g l_1 amount. The experimental kinetic data are presented in Fig. 3c (inset) and in Table 1, along with time r equired for 50% degradation (t1/2) for each of the fitted lines. The degradation rate of pharmaceutic is decreased while increasing the concentration. The rate constant ‘k’ decreases with increase in initial concentration of drug. The effect of initial concentration of pharmaceutic on the photocatalytic degradation rate is described by pseudo-first order kinetics. The apparent rate constant for 0.114 mM IPU over 10 wt% TiO2/Al-MCM- 41 catalyst is 0.072 min_1 (R2 = 0.994). In the present investigation, 0.1571 mM concentration is found to be the optimum for degradation studies. [i] E.M. Flanigen, H. Khatami, H.A. Szymanski, (1971), Infrared structural studies of zeolite frameworks. In: E.M. Flanigen, L.B. Sand (Eds.). Molecular Sieve Zeolites. ACS Adv. Chem. Ser., 101: pp 201-227. [ii] E.M. Flanigen, H. Khatami, H.A. Szymanski, (1971), Infrared structural studies of zeolite frameworks. In: E.M. Flanigen, L.B. Sand (Eds.). Molecular Sieve Zeolites. ACS Adv. Chem. Ser., 101: pp 201-227. [iii] Taib, I.N., Endud, S., Katun, M.N Functionalization of mesoporous Si-MCM-41 by grafting with trimethylchlorosilane, International journal of chemistry, 3: 3(2011). [iv] Song, X, Qu, P, Jiang, N, Yang, H, Qiu, G: Synthesis and characterization of MCM-41 materials assembled with CeO2 nanoparticles. Coll. Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 313–314, 193–196 (2008)

We Should Not Reinstate the Military Draft :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

We Should Not Reinstate the Draft I never thought I would say this but I think we should reinstate the draft. It has been years since we have wanted or needed a draft, but in view of the United States being attacked on September 11, 2001, I feel our country must be ready and prepared to defend itself. If being prepared means reinstating the draft, a mandatory summons for military service, then I think we should consider this a reasonable proposal. I think the tragic events of September 11 will evoke most people to agree with me. Since September 11 we have seen a surge of patriotism in this country that seemed hidden for many years. I am so glad patriotism was not lost, and I think most Americans would be willing to defend their country in light of this attack. We are a nation and a people who believe in freedom and democracy. It tells other nations who we are and what we stand for. It is these beliefs that lead me to believe that the people of the United States will do anything to preserve our freedom and democ racy even if it means reinstating the draft. I want to prove this notion, but am unsure how to accomplish this. I have not read any recent articles in newspapers or magazines that have dealt with this issue. My textbook was not a source either. So I decided to do two things. First, I went to the Internet for any information, articles, discussions, or statements relating to this issue. Second, I decided to conduct an informal poll. This informal poll consisted of male and female respondents with an age span of eighteen to sixty two. My poll started with classmates in my Western Civilization and Studio Art classes and the professors who instruct these classes. My poll included emailing friends and family who live and work in New York, family currently serving in the Armed Forces, and a family member who is a Veteran of the Viet Nam War. Also included in this poll is a random sampling of the townspeople of Los Alamos. Medical personnel at Los Alamos Women’s Health Services, and the lunch crowd at Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Allegro rounded out my poll. This cross section of Americans evoked many feelings and opinions and stimulated many conversations and critical thought. These conversations exhilarated me and the results I obtained amazed me.

Oxygen :: essays research papers

Oxygen content of air Objective: To measure the percent of oxygen in air and the percent of oxygen in an exhale of a breath Hypothesis: Air has more oxygen content in it rather than the exhale of a human breath. Procedure: Wash hands to remove oils Obtain 2 samples of steel wool (.7g each) Expose one sample of the wool to 35mL of vinegar solution for 1 minute Remove the wool from the solution and shake it to remove the vinegar Place the steel wool in a syringe. Put the plunger in the syringe at the 28mL mark Place the syringe a 250mL beaker that is slightly filled with water Pull the plunger until the water reaches the 0mL mark Record observations every three minutes of the water level Fill a balloon with the exhale from breath Put 100mL of water in the balloon and shake for 5 minutes Place the other sample of steel wool in another 35mL vinegar solution for one minute and clean it Put the steel wool in another syringe and then release the air from the balloon into the syringe Repeat steps 6 - 9 with this syringe. Data and observations: (THE GRAPH WILL GO HERE!!!!!) Conclusion: The oxygen combined with the steel wool in both syringes. This is apparent because rust was formed on both samples. The water came up to the 5.5mL mark on the syringe with the air in it, while the syringe with the breath only reached 4.5mL. Therefore, concluding that the oxygen content of air is higher than the oxygen content in a human breath. Albertson’s Brand Condensed Chicken Noodle Soup has many different ingredients within the steel container. These ingredients are as follows: Water, enriched egg noodles (enriched wheat flour [niacin, ferrous sulfate, thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin, folic acid] , eggs) chicken, salt, modified corn starch, chicken fat, dextrose, soybean oil, monosodium glutamate, soy protein isolate, natural flavoring, garlic powder, beta carbonate, sodium phosphate, paprika, and onion concentrate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thiamine mononitrate, also known as Vitamin B, is a white crystalline powder. It has a positive reaction. The Chemical formula is C12H17N5O4S. â€Å"Thiamine Mononitrate is stable for at least 36 months when stored in the unopened container. It is stable in acid solutions at a pH less than 4.0 but deteriorates rapidly in neutral or alkaline solutions, especially when exposed to air. Moisture and contact with metal accelerates oxidation and reduction.

Health Care Delivery Systems Essay

Abstract The American health care system is designed to focus on the organizations of individuals, places, and to treat and prevent adequate health care for the target populations. The federal government conducts an immense portion of delivering health care systems in our world today. The purpose for health care delivery systems is to provide financial tangible benefits and provide health care services for the population and institutions. The results showed for the support of the hypothesis is elaborating in the importance of different health care delivery systems and the purpose in how they are utilized in today’s health reform. Running Head: Health Care Delivery Systems Essay Health Care Delivery Systems Health care systems engage the initial contact of people and it is the foundation of primary health care. In order to receive primary health care it begins with providing a service to families, people, and communities through health professionals and their teams. The Health care delivery systems is involved with a proactive method to prevent health issues and to better ensure the organization and to investigate once a health issue has transpired. In addition, these type of services are publicly funded from general tax revenues without direct charges to the patient (Health Canada, 2011). The most two similar forms of health care delivery systems is managed care systems ex. (HMO) and fee for service (FFS). The fee for service plan is generally called Traditional Indemnity (Website 101, 2009). Fee for service offers flexible measures for the exchange of drastically high out of pocket expenses, it also requires a substantial amount of paperwork and premiums are high. Furthermore, some advantages are having the privilege in selecting hospitals and physicians of your own, and having the opportunity in receiving treatment from a specialist without a primary doctor referral. The disadvantages are high deductibles and the patient is responsible of paying twenty percent and the physicians are obligated to reimburse eighty percent of the expensive. Also, fee for service solely pays for â€Å"reasonable  and customary† health issues (website, 101). Doctors may have a different medical fee opposed to other areas, and the patients are obligated to pay their portion that is instated in health plan coverage. However, HMO is the less expensive and less flexible of all medical coverage’s. The advantages are consist of less paperwork and low copayments. It provides for a portion of improvement health preventive care plans. Unfortunately, there is disadvantages that the health care holder will experience with in choosing a PCP which is a primary care physician, and the HMO plan only accepts a network of their physicians or they will not stand up to the obligation of their financial transaction argument. In addition, in order for the client to see a specialist they must obtain a referral from their PCP. The expression Alternative Delivery Systems is created to entail all techniques of health care delivery systems barring acceptable fee-for-service and private practice like IPAs, PPOs, HMOs, and all other health care systems that provide health care of who conducts organized care systems. (http://aspe.hhs.gov/Progsys/forum/mcobib.htm). For example, Managed Care is a health care delivery system that merges payment and the delivery. It also accesses the use of treatments by engaging organization strategies creating to enhance the growth of cost-effective in the delivery of health care. Managed health care plan is a system that assimilates any management with in accordance of finance that delivers health care services of the covered population. In contrast, PPO also known Preferred Provider Organization is the delivery system that commits with medical care providers who gives discounted fees to clients. Nevertheless, clients have the opportunity to give health care to participants who are not members but can potentially become financial penalized due to any action of seeking out side providers and face consequences of not receiving discount and any deductibles of one’s health care plan and copayments. Goals of Health Care Delivery Systems. The reason HMO’s are unique because they prepaid and they are managed care systems that initially were health care alternative to fee-for-service health care. There goals is to obtain affordable and comprehensive health care coverage. This plan is conducted in advance by the option of a fixed fee from all members. Moreover, HMO delivers minimal cost for medical services that are needed for patients, and this health plan is responsible  in conducting the deliver and finance portion of the medical health care services. They also arrange to provide the essential medical care which includes the benefit packages. Prepaid Health Plans (PHP) is known â€Å"to help make quality health care affordable for groups of people, including farmers, blue collar workers and their families† (Ahern, 2007) . In contrast, the traditional health care insurance only funds health coverage for hospital visits, and enrolled insures that receive health coverage in prepaid plans is charged a predetermined for acute and preventive health care from doctors who work in hospitals. As for PPOs, their health care philosophy originally was to create simple concepts in delivering health care services to large groups with lower rates in order to substantially gain a business development for their management. To emphasize, insures can select their own physician’s however penalties can potentially occur if they are not with the network. This form of health coverage is engaged in receiving adequate power with lower health care prices for their clients in the standing of the dense health care system in America. The fee for service (FFS) is ultimately focusing in creating options to approach paid private insurances to gain more control relating with time and the forms of treatment. FFS is designed to reflect on an ideal perspective for private health care plans, instead of government-administered pricing and giving proper recognition in private health care plans that can utilize health care organizations productively. This method will enhance quality and proficie ncy in delivering a regenerated approach in the health care industry (Nicolas, O’ Malley, 2007). Mission Statement If I had full control of conducting a health care delivery system I would focus in offering health care insurance for businesses, government organizations, people, families, groups, and schools. Also, I feel flexibility is significant for the process of selecting your own choice of primary doctors in the same network and receive great service with affordable payments. The health care delivery system will project and promote exceptional quality health care service is the HMO plan. This health plan will contribute in supporting by over exceeding expectations of all parties which includes employees, communities, work force, stake holders, investors, and customers.

Certified Specialist of Wine Review

Maps Review France Major AOC Wine Producing Regions Champagne, Alsace, Burgundy, Rhone Valley, Provence, Languedoc, Bordeaux, Loire Valley Chris and Bored Raj Played Little Balls Loudly Major Topographical Features: Massif Central ( Central highlands of the country), Alsp in SE, Loire, Garonne, Dordogne , Rhone and Rhine Rivers and Vosges Mountains – NE France – Shields vineyards of Alsace , Champagne and Chablis Mediterranean climate : Rousillion, Languedoc, Provence and Rhone Regions Red Grapes dominant: Full Bodied, Moderate acidityMaritime Climate: Western part of France, Loire Valley White Grapes dominate: high acidic, low to medium body, low in alcohol White Grape Varieties 1) UGNI BLANC ( Trebbiano), Chardonnay, Sauv Blanc, Melon de Bourgogne ( Muscadet), Muscat ( Vin Doux Naturales), Chenin Blanc Red Grape Varieties: 1) MERLOT ( Bordeaux and Languedoc), Grenach, Syrah ( N. RHONE), Carignan, CAB ( Bordeaux), Cab Frank ( tolerates cool weather – Loire), Gam ay, Pinot Noir ( Burgundy), Cinsaut ( blending grape of South), Pinot Meunier ( other Red grape of Champagne), Mourvere ( Languedoc & Provence)Vin de Table, Vin de Pays, VDQS, AOC (300, ? of French Wine) Bordeaux Highlights ( SW FRANCE) Known for Long Lived, High Quality Reds & Sweet White Dessert Wines Varieties: Melot, Cab, Cab Frank, Malbec & Petit Verdot, Garonne and Dordogne Rivers form the GIRONDE, flows into Atlantic River divided region in 3 Sections 1) Left Bank – West a. Upper End Left Bank Reds : Cab Territory, Medoc Region – World’s Finest b. Sweet White Wines comes from Sauternes on Left Bank, Botrytis Condition/ Noble Rot 2) Right Bank – East . Upper End Right Bank Reds : Top Quality, Long Lived Reds i. Pomeral & St. Emilion AOC’s 3) Entre – Deux – Mers a. Dry White Wine Area – Graves, Area of Left Bank North is called MEDOC, south and west of the city is called GRAVES – Most White Varietals are found hereà ¢â‚¬ ¦ Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon, Muscadelle Bordeaux AOC vs Bordeaux Superior – Can be used for Red and Sweet White, tighter restrictions, older vines ,lower yields, several months of aging, higher minimum ripeness at harvest, half degree higher alcoholMEDOC: Four of the most esteemed villages – St. Estephe, Pauillac, St. Jullien, Margaux GRAVES: Sauternes – Sweet Wines, Pesac – Leoganan – split off from Graves to establish its own identity – most highly regarded Ch. Of District Bordeaux Classifications Top Level – Premier CRU comprised of 4 Chateaus : Haut Brion (Graves ), Lafite – Rothschild, Latour & Margaux , WHITES – FIRST SUPERIOR GROWTH = Chateau d’ Yquem St. Emilion Grand Cru: only classification system on Right Bank: Grang Cru Class and Premier Grand Cru Classe: Ch.Ausone and Ch Cheval Blanc – Category A RANKING LOIRE VALLEY Loire River = Longest River in France, Flows NORTH Known for Crisp Whi te Wines, Light Red Wines and some Fine Sweet & Sparkling Valley Divides into Three Winegrowing regions, West to East†¦ Pays Nantais ( Nantes County) – Chilly maritime Climate, Melon de Bourgogne ( muscadet), 4 MUSCADET AOC’s Central Loire ( Anjou and Touraine) – Humidity remains high from sea, Botrytis Development, Chenin Blanc & Sauvignon Blanc, Cab Frank for Reds and Roses, Malbec / Cot, Grolleau and Gamay FINES BULLES ( Fine BUBBLES) : Specialty here, made in Traditional Champagne Method but uses Chenin Blanc and either Cabs as Main Ingredients – Anjou AOC ( primarily Cab Frank), Raose d’ Anjou ( Rose/Mainly Grolleau ) Cabernet D’Anjou ( 2 Cabs ony), Rose de Loire ( Dry Rose) Sweet dessert wines are the specialty , botrytis favors conditions – Coteaux de Layon AOC : Subregions are Bonnezeaux and Quarts-de- Chaume (100 % Chenin Blanc), Premier Dry White Appelation = Savennieres ( 100 % Chenin Blanc) SAUMUR: Known for its spark ling wines – Chief Source of Grapes for Cremant de Loire – Sparkling wine – TOURRAINE: Bourgueil & Chinon – regions that are known for excellent red wines , 90 % Cab Frank , Vouvray – uses 100 % Chenin Blanc and can be dry or sweet, also Montlois Su Loire – produces similar wines – Sancerre & Pouilly – Fume : 100 % Sauvignon Blanc Wines, Also Pinot Noir Eastern , Upper Loir ,( Sancerre/Pouilly – Fume) Continental climate, Sauvignon Blanc- minerally with high acidity and fine aromatics , flinty soil makes SMOKIER flavor CHAMPAGNE Four Zones : Montagne de Reims ( Chard), Vallee de La Marne (Pinot Meunier &Pinot Noir), Cote des Blancs (Chardonnay), Cote des Bar (Pinot Noir) Kimmerdigian Clay: In Cote de Bar Region, Clay created during the Jurassic period, Chalky soil formed by Microscopic Shellfish – High Water Retention capacity, heat retention and heat reflection Chardonnay, Pinot Noir & Pinot MeunierChampagne Styl es: Non Vintage ( Blend of Wines from Several Vintages – MUST age for 1 year on lees in the bottle), Vintage (Single Year Harvest – min 3 years aging), Prestige Cuvee (Top of Line produced by Champagne House), Blanc de Blancs (Chard), Blanc de Noirs, Rose Dry to Sweet: Brut, Extra Dry, Sec, Demi Sec, Doux ALSACE NE Corner of France, Vosges Mnt & Rhine River ,Lies Across German Region of Baden, Cold Continental Climate, Dry because of shadow of Vosges Grape Varieties: Reisling, Gewurtztraminer, Pinot Gris & Pinot Noir 2 Styles of Dessert Wines ) Selection de Grapes Nobles: Sweet, Sauternes Style , Botrytized Wine 2) Vendange Tardive: Late harvest grapes, may or may not be affected by Botrytis Alsace AOC: 100 % of any of the following; Riesling, Gewurtztraminer, Pinot Gris, Auxerrios, Pinot Noir, Sylvaner, Muscat and Chasselas – Blends of these varieties are called EDELZWICKER CREMANT D’ ALSACE AOC: sparkling wine – Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Auxerrois BURGUNDY Known for elegant, silky and complex Pinot Noirs and complex dry white wines from Chardonnay Distinct Vineyard Areas Chablis ( Makes STILL wine) Cote d’ Or – Lies SW of city of DIJON Divided into 2 Segments: Cote de Nuits – North (Pinot NOIR DOMINATES), Cote de Beaune – South Cote Chalonnaise Macconnais (Gamay) Grape Varieties: Chardonnay & Pinot Noir – CLAIM TO FAME, Gamay, Aligote (Minore white Variety of BURGUNDY) Burgundy Wine Styles: All Dry and Still, Moderate in Alcohol, Acidity & tannin , Earthiness, Oak Aging is Norm, South of Chablis – Chardonnay is Richer and Less Acidic, Cotes d Or – Wet Earth Wine Style

A Description of Marketing Essay

Philip Kotler has defined marketing as satisfying needs and wants through an exchange process. The marketing concept is the philosophy that firm should analyze the need of costumer and then make decision to satisfy those needs, the better than competition. A marketing plan is a comprehensive blueprint which outlines an organization’s overall marketing efforts. The last step in the process is the marketing controlling. The marketing plan can function from two points that is strategy and tactics. In most organizations, strategic planning is an annual process, typically covering just the year ahead. Occasionally, a few organizations may look at a practical plan which stretches three or more years ahead. Behind the corporate objectives, which in themselves offer the main context for the marketing plan, will lay the corporate mission, which in turn provides the context for these corporate objectives. In a sales-oriented organization, the marketing planning function designs incentive pay plans to not only motivate and reward frontline staff fairly but also to align marketing activities with corporate mission. The marketing plan basically aims to make the business provide the solution with the awareness with the expected customers. According to Malcolm McDonald, marketing strategies can be seen as the means, or game plan, by which marketing objectives will be achieved and, in the framework that we have chosen to use, are generally concerned with the 8 P’s that is price, product, promotion, placement, people, physical, process and packaging. See more:Â  Mark Twain’s Humorous Satire in Running for Governor Essay * Price is the amount of money needed to buy products * Product is the actual product * Promotion is getting the product known by all people. * Placement is where the product is sold * People is represent the business * Physical environment is the ambiance, mood, or tone of the environment * Process is the Value-added services that differentiate the product from the competition e.g. after-sales service, warranties * Packaging is how the product will be protected A marketing plan for a small business typically includes Small Business Administration Description of competitors, including the level of demand for the product or service and the strengths and weaknesses of competitors, description of the product or service, including special features, marketing budget, including the advertising and promotional plan, Description of the business location, including advantages and disadvantages for marketing, pricing strategy, and market segmentation.

Soap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Soap - Essay Example A particular symptom of GERD is heartburn. Other indications involve regurgitation, epigastric pain, hoarseness, wheezing, and coughing. *taken from Chandrasoma & DeMeester, 2006 Pathophysiology of HTN As indicated by pathophysiology of hypertension (HTN) research, high blood pressure could be categorized as either essential or secondary. The former, essential hypertension is a pressure increase because of unidentified clinical causes. While, secondary hypertension is a pressure increase because of some other primary health illnesses such as kidney problems, tumors, diabetes, etc. Chronic hypertension can lead to stroke, heart failure, heart diseases, heart attack, and other illnesses. *taken from Izzo, Sica & Black, 2007 Pathophysiology of DM The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus is connected to insulin, which is a hormone produced by the pancreas’s beta cells. This hormone is in charge of sustaining glucose amount in the blood. It enables the cells to utilize glucose as t he primary source of energy. Yet, in a person suffering from diabetes, because of anomalous insulin metabolism, the body tissues and cells do not utilize glucose from the blood, leading to an increased glucose level in the blood or also called ‘hyperglycemia’. ... If a person has a low BMD, s/he has osteopenia. Developing osteopenia implies there is a higher risk that, over time, a person could have BMD that is quite lower than normal, referred to as ‘osteoporosis’. *taken from McIlwain, Cruse, Bruce, & McIlwain, 2004 Application of Advanced Nursing Practice Framework Three distinct methods of abdominal pain assessment may be determined from the evaluation, which are (1) the appearance of the patient (dependence on observation), (2) the gestures and statements of the patient (dependence on the expressions of the patient), and (3) the normal condition (dependence on typology). In evaluating the postoperative pain of the patient, the nurse should depend on one of these three methods to get attain the level and quality of the abdominal pain of the patient during assessment. When the nurse depends on ‘the appearance of the patient’ or observation, s/he will make use of information gathered concerning objective facts such as posture or movements, skin color, vital signs to get to abdominal pain assessment. In contrast, when the nurse depends on ‘the gestures and statements of the patient’ or expressions, the nurse will have to regard the patient’s statement and gesture as the appropriate information for the type and level of abdominal pain the patient is experiencing. The nurse depending on ‘the normal condition’ or typology should pay attention to the conditions and characteristics of diagnostic or special tests, the time since examination, or the characteristics of the patient like sex, age, etc. in identifying the kind of pain felt by the patient. *taken from Whyte, 1997 Application of Family Stress Theory Family stress theory offers a