Monday, August 24, 2020
Anthem 2 Free Essays
Mrs. Gomez English 2CP 4, October, 2011 Were the battles for distinction that Equality and Harrison needed to confront, as troublesome as they suspected it seemed to be? In the novella Anthem and the short story ââ¬Å"Harrison Bergeron,â⬠Rand and Vonnegut utilize the subject of independence versus cooperation to show the abuse of every general public, the dread used to control its residents and the characters that rebel. We will compose a custom paper test on Song of devotion 2 or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now In the two stories, abuse is utilized to make everybody equivalent. The legislature in Anthem removes its citizensââ¬â¢ distinction to make a piece of the gathering. In the two stories, abuse is utilized to make everybody equivalent. ââ¬Å"For the word ââ¬ËWeââ¬â¢ should never be spoken, spare by oneââ¬â¢s decision and as a second thoughtâ⬠This shows the word ââ¬Å"Weâ⬠was not, at this point used to portray individuals. They were their own individual. ââ¬Å"Weâ⬠was resolved as ââ¬Å"Iâ⬠, the word ââ¬Å"weâ⬠removed their uniqueness. To remove their distinction, they appointed individuals employments, similar to road sweeper or specialist, gave them no decisions, since they didn't let them pick their names or occupations, and put them into gatherings so they would not be separated from everyone else. George is athletic, so he wears loads on him that moderate him down, likewise being incredibly astute, George wears an ear radio that goes off at regular intervals, and the ballet performers wear veils in the story since they are lovely. ââ¬Å"Nobody was preferred investigating any other individual. No one was more astute than any other individual. No one was or snappier than any other individual. â⬠Nobody was better than any other individual. Everybody was equivalent. They utilized debilitations to make everybody the equivalent. The Handicapper General, Diana Moon Glampers, appoints the characters impediment to make everybody equivalent in the short story ââ¬Å"Harrison Bergeronâ⬠. Harrison battled for his and everybody elseââ¬â¢s distinction. Dread was utilized to control the characters in the two social orders. The Uncharted Forrest and The Transgressor were utilized to alarm the general public in Anthem. The Transgressor was utilized for instance for all individuals who figured they could be a person. The Uncharted Forrest caused the general public to feel like they were caught. ââ¬Å"We had not thought of coming here, however our legs had conveyed our astuteness, and our legs had carried us to the Uncharted Forrest without wanting to. â⬠Equality would not like to be in the Uncharted Forrest in light of the fact that he didn't have a clue what was in there. Since the entire society feared the Uncharted Forrest, Equality would not like to be there when he initially entered. Diana Moon Glampers filled the general public with dread by relegating individuals disables and shooting Harrison and the ballet dancer. The discipline for taking out the lead balls on the loads was time in prison and a fine of $2000. ââ¬Å"It was then that Diana Moon Glampers, the Handicapper General, came into the studio with a twofold surged ten-measure fired weapon. She terminated twice, and the Emperor and Empress were dead before they hit the floor. Diana Moon Glampers stacked the weapon once more. She pointed it at the artists and revealed to them they had ten seconds to recover their impairments on. â⬠After shooting the Emperor and Empress, she attempted to alarm the performers by pointing the weapon at them. The dread of being shot like the Emperor and Empress frightened the others. Harrison made a case of what not to do in light of the fact that Diana Moon Glampers shot him for resisting her power. In the two stories, there were characters that defied their general public. In Anthem, Equality defied his general public by slipping endlessly. Correspondence escaped the gathering gatherings and made power in a passage. So when the most seasoned of them asked us: ââ¬ËWhere have you been? ââ¬â¢ we thought of our glass box and of our light, and we overlooked all else. Furthermore, we replied: ââ¬ËWe won't let you know. ââ¬â¢ The most established didn't address us further. â⬠Equality defied the World Council of Scholars and afterward wouldn't reveal to them where he had been. He was not permitted to be distant from everyone else in light of the fact that being separated from everyone else carried you closer to being a person. Harrison Bergeron defies the general public by getting away from prison. ââ¬Å"ââ¬â¢Harrison Bergeron, age fourteen,ââ¬â¢ she said in a grackle cackle, ââ¬Ëhas just got away from prison. Harrison needs to topple the administration, and tell them the best way to be free and utilize their abilities. He needs uniqueness for him and every other person. He got away from prison and defied the general public. Taking everything into account, Equality and Harrison both confronted hindrances when making progress toward singularity. The two of them had the desire to be something more than equivalent to every other person. In the novella Anthem and the short story ââ¬Å"Harrison Bergeron,â⬠Rand and Vonnegut utilize the topic of independence versus community to show the abuse of every general public, the dread used to control its residents and the characters that rebel. The most effective method to refer to Anthem 2, Papers
Saturday, August 22, 2020
An overview of Health Care Reform Research Paper
An outline of Health Care Reform - Research Paper Example The Medicaid extension is relied upon to happen before 2014. In 2010, the Medicaid pay qualification level was 64% of the government neediness level and at present just 11 states give inclusion to grown-ups without subordinate kids. The extension of Medicaid will profit administrations to people under 65 years old who gain under 133% of neediness, in spite of their family organization. The development makes it feasible for kids with the front of childrenââ¬â¢s medical coverage program to get to the Medicaid benefits; the administrations give progressively extensive childrenââ¬â¢s benefits bundle and lower cost sharing cutoff points. The government will give the account of the Medicaid administration. For enlistment of new individuals, the legislature will pay the full expense for the initial three years. In 2017, the legislature will part 5% to be secured by the state. The stateââ¬â¢s portion of the expense of the development will at that point top out at 10% in 2019 and in future. The extension of the Medicaid administrations will change how individualââ¬â¢s pay will be determined to make consistency; this will be as far as duty credits accessible, for individuals who gain somewhere in the range of 133 and 400 of government destitution level. In 2014, states are required to utilize altered balanced gross salary to decide the pay of a family or a person. This program covers more than 7 million offspring of low salary. The extension will proceed with when the wellbeing change give the government subsidizing required and, this will empower more kids to be secured by the youngster protection program. This should occur through the finish of the government year 2015 under the current guidelines of that year. Toward the start of the year 2016, states will get a 23% expansion in inclusion of the youngster medical coverage program paid by the government. The program should be balanced before the finish of 2015 for the development to be experienced. By 2014
Thursday, July 23, 2020
Five Book Culture Heroes of 2014
Five Book Culture Heroes of 2014 I say this every year, but folks: its never been a better time to be a reader. This year, in particular, weve been blessed by some incredible people who are making book culture better and more inclusive. So heres to the book culture heroes of 2014: thanks for your great work. We salute you. 5. Roxane Gay. For outstanding excellence in the field of awesomeness. From joining the Toast team to build the new Butter site to incisive and timely cultural criticism to the gut punch of truth that was Bad Feminist, were all lucky to live on the same planet as the inimitable Roxane Gay. Gay is an advocate and an activist and a tower of strength, speaking out on issues of diversity and gender relating to book publishing and beyond. I cannot wait to see what 2015 brings us from her. 4. Janet Mock. Mock is running a Trans Book Drive on Indiegogo to raise money to get books about trans characters into the hands of trans prisoners across the U.S., in partnership with LGBT Books to Prisoners. Everyone reading this website understands the transformative, educational, and healing power of literature; Mock is trying to get that power into the hands of people desperately in need of it. And her memoir, Redefining Realness is worth your time and attention. 3. Jacqueline Woodson. Not only was Brown Girl Dreaming simply one of the best books of 2014, but Woodsons poise and grace in the face of the racist comments made while she was accepting her National Book Award unflinchingly showed book culture just how far it still needs to travel. Its really important that a slur not get more press than the book it nearly buried, so make sure you read Woodsons exquisite essay on the night in question. 2. We Need Diverse Books. This amazing campaign sprang up in the aftermath of the blindingly white mess that was BookCon 2014. And theyve had huge successes, including partnering with BookCon 2015 to make it suck way less. You can meet the whole team here, or read our first interview with president Ellen Oh to learn more about what they do. 1. Scott Bonner. Scott Bonner is the librarian at Ferguson Public Library, and hes the reason that library has been such a significant force for good in the community over the tragic and tumultuous months since Mike Browns murder. Hes kind of my hero. (And major shoutsout to Ashley Ford for her fundraising skills and advocacy on behalf of the library.) This list is by no means exhaustive. Who were your heroes of book culture in 2014? Join me in the comments with your suggestions. ____________________ Did you know that Book Riot has a YouTube channel? We do. Itâs new and we are having fun with it. Check it out here. Save
Friday, May 22, 2020
Identifying the problems of organisational structures - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1361 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The purpose of doing this report is to apply our management skills and the understanding of the management theories by means of choosing a business and identifying the problems in it and providing the possible practical solution. The solution has to be implemented in a way that is effective and benefits the organization. STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY The report is divided into various sections and each section has got sub-sections. Section 1 highlights of the assignment part A, where the problems are identified using the SWOT Analysis and a proposal to search the solution was given. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Identifying the problems of organisational structures" essay for you Create order METHODOLOGY The method used to carry out the research was by means of interview and information from the website. https://www.gen-i.co.nz/about/Pages/TheGen-iStory.aspx IMPLICATION By going through the report, one can identify our understanding and applications of the Management theories. The report is designed to provide solution to the identified business problem that can be implemented and benefit the organisation. Problem is in Organisational Structure and it can be managed by training managements and staffs in Management areas and team work styles. (Gen-I website and Employee( My Landlord) About Gen -i Gen-i is an Australasian company that combines the IT and telecommunications services to provide converged ICT solutions for businesses across New Zealand and Australia. It is a member of the Telecom New Zealand Group which consists of a team of more than 3000 energetic people in 17 locations across New Zealand and Australia. They have come a long way since the beginning of the year 2004 when Telecom Advanced Solutions, Gen-I and Computer land were brought together under the name Gen-I. Thus, we have chosen to do our project on the ICT Operations Department. The Objectives of the Organization To be the number one ICT service provider in Australasia and To be the preferred ICT service provider in Australasia. Strategies It is believed that in order to deliver the bold vision and clear mission, a clear, pragmatic set of strategies that balance the near term performance is needed. Their strategies are the foundation of their transformation and each strategy leads to the other, providing a clear path to reach their goals. (Gen-I website and Employee( My Landlord ) SCOPES of Gen-i Protect and grow the traditional product and service revenues- this is about ensuring that money is kept flowing for future investments. Deliver operational and financial effectiveness and efficiency- making sure that the cash flow is directed to the most productive use. Connectivity Invest in world class infrastructure and capability- the most productive use of the cash flow is by reversing the pattern of the under investment, both in technology and in the products and services. Develop new wave products and services ( Brand)- with an investment in world class infrastructure and capability, Gen-I have given itself the capability to innovate, both for the customers and for New Zealand. Enable their people to grow and succeed- by putting themselves at the heart of this transformation; they have the chance to succeed- not just as individuals but as ONE Telecom. Meet the needs of key external stakeholders- Gen-Is success leads to the success of their stakeholders- thei r customers, shareholders, the media, the politicians and the NZ public. Problem: ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE Gen-i has a Bureaucratic type of organisational structure since it is part of such a large organisation, Telecom. Telecoms operating model defines how the company is organised. The structure reflects and focuses on customers; which allows them to reach their needs quickly and effectively. They have: Five customer- facing business units- 4 in New Zealand (Chorus, Telecom Wholesale, Telecom Retail and Gen-i Australasia) and AAPT in Australia. A Technology and Shared Services (TSS) business in New Zealand. A lean Corporate Centre. This can be seen in the model below: (Gen-I website and Employee( My Landlord ) Gen-is 3 Layer Organisational Structure (Gen-I website and Employee( My Landlord) Client Delivery Functional Accountabilities ICT Operations Department (Gen-I website and Employee( My Landlord) IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEMS USING SWOT ANALYSIS To find out the existing underlying problems of the business we have used the very important tools of management. These are: SWOT Analysis. This will give a better idea as where Gen-i- is heading and what can happen at present situation. STRENGTHS Well established and is big in terms of staff turnover. Very skilful people as training is provided to ensure the workers are confident to carry out their duties well. Provide end-to-end support, that is, customers are considered to be the main priority in terms of getting the best and quality service. It is an Australasian company. Therefore, they have foot prints in Australia and all over New Zealand. Customers facing help desk are mostly local, hence Kiwi flavour, ensuring that there is quick turn around on customer requests. Well structured documented process in place. WEAKNESSES Huge overhead and this leads to the problem of: Budget- increase in the financial expenses since all the help desk are locals. Managing people since there are many locations all over New Zealand and keeping track of what exactly is taking place in each location is hard, especially in the smaller towns. There is no specific way to check as to what the workers are doing in these small locations. OPPORTUNITIES Well placed in the current market to look after the customers, thus they can expand more and consider having other locations in New Zealand. Have overhead (help desks) off shore. THREATS Operational separation Opportunity for more service providers to join the market and create tough competition. Chances of staff moving to other companies entering the market. This would require training and re-training. Competitors could have overhead off shore. (Gen-I website and Employee( My Landlord ) Due to the operational separation, more companies will be entering the market and provide more competition. Customers usually go for products that are well established in the market. However, since there would be more companies entering the market, there would be more alternatives for customers to switch to other alternatives. At present there are only few competitors providing similar services and in order to prove to be a tough competitor to others Gen-i has entered into goal partnership with their suppliers. However there is threat of new entrants merging with the existing competitors and provide more competition pressures. With more competitors providing the s ame services, the customers will have the power to drive down the prices and in this regards Gen-i is well placed and prepared to bring their prices down due to the goal partnership with their suppliers. Their focus is more on providing quality service and not just to compete on prices. THE BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS The 2 main suppliers of products and services are CISCO and Nortel, both American companies. Gen-i is in goal partnership with both the companies and no other company in New Zealand have that partnership with them, therefore they do not have much concern about the price from their suppliers. (Gen-I website and Employee( My Landlord ) PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED AND PROPOSAL TO FINDING SOLUTIONS PROBLEM: Organisational Structure Here are some of the other problems with organisational Structure: Organisational restructure due to operational separation. Resourcing- high staff turnover leads to increase in budget expenses in terms of salaries and resources used to train and retrain staff. Managing staff. PROPOSAL TO FIND THE SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS Conclusion In order to find the solutions to the Organisational Structure we will be: Looking at the organisational system more properly by going through the company manuals, by means of which we will come to have an idea about the company procedures on implementing changes. Manuals should be shown as In-house training. This way staffs will have full verse of the manual with practical. Interviewing people, staffs with different branches such as feedbacks, appraisal as how Gen-i- can govern its Organisational Structure. Managers should have a clear communications to pass information to his staffs and get feedback as to how things can be carried out to improve the organisation structure to remain in the competitive market. Ghant Chart to reach the proposal. Objectives Time Jan Feb March April Meeting Training (Products/ Process) Budgeting Training Technical Skills Advancement Feedback (Gen-I website and Employee ( My Landlord )
Thursday, May 7, 2020
Essay on The Key to A Successful E-commerce Site - 1531 Words
The Key to A Successful E-commerce Site Despite the rapid growth of E-commerce sites, 43 percent of the them fails, and the difference between the success and the failure is consumer experience, according to Ecommercetimes.com. The Dotcom Survival Guide reported there is still one resource left untapped that can save dotcoms from failure. Its the one resource that historically is most ignored in favor of ads, press, and flashy features yet its the one resource that can lead dotcoms to survival. That resource is customers. Customers can provide the revenues needed to attain profitability. Customers can give the word-of-mouth marketing to drive traffic. Customers can give the feedback needed to continually improve the website.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Its important to remember that the customer experience is a strategic issue, and not just an accumulation of tactics. In fact, its the most strategic issue an e-business can work on. A dot-coms strategy should be directly based on the customer experience. Improving the customer experience can lead directly to higher revenues. On an e-commerce site, building a great customer experience makes it quicker and easier for customers to buy, raising the conversion rate. On high-volume e-commerce sites, raising the conversion rate by one tenth of 1% can add as much as $10 million in incremental revenues per month. The customer experience is the key to dot-com survival. To survive, dot-coms must improve their customer experience. HOW TO CREATE A GOOD CONSUMER EXPERIENCE? More and more users with minimal technical expertise are getting online, and they are demanding simple, fast, easy-to-use e-commerce sites. The Web makes switching (to a competitor) fast, cheap, and as easy as typing in a new URL. To better understand the value of a good customer experience, creativegood.com has provide the 3-Ms framework. à · Medium. The Web is a constrained medium: screens are small, modems are slow, and users are technically inexperienced. Despite all the hype about futuristic potential online, the true way to succeeding online is to create good customer experiences that work within the constraints of the Web. à · Marketing. The WebShow MoreRelatedE-marketplace, E-mall, E-tailing Essay1125 Words à |à 5 PagesIntroduction: There are various electronic commerce activities and mechanisms. E-Commerce Activities and Mechanisms include the following but not limited to: E-Market Place: It is an online market usually B2B where buyers and sellers exchange goods or services. EC transactions take place in the electronic equivalent of a mall called the electronic marketplace (e-marketplace). 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These business transactions occur either business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer or consumer-to-business. E-Commerce is swiftly growing throughout the years with the development in Internet and innovation. The gigantic development of virtual groups - individuals getting together in ad hoc groups online - guaranteesRead MoreB2C and B2B Web Site Supply Chain Difference981 Words à |à 4 PagesB2C and B2B Web Site Supply Chain Differences Ah, the wonders that technology has wrought in the world of business. Or should it be phrased: ah, the wonders that business has called forth from the world of technology? Whether it is the chicken or the egg, many changes have developed and with the advancements in what is now called e-business, businesses and consumers have benefited. 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The gigantic development of virtual groups - individuals getting together in ad hoc groups online - guarantees to alter theRead MoreSnookis Beach Boutique: E-Commerce Strategies1677 Words à |à 7 PagesSnookis Duds Beach Boutique e-Commerce Strategies Creating a highly differentiated and unique identity in the crowded clothing retailing markets on the Jersey Shore boardwalk takes a combination of one-of-a-kind designs, a strong multichannel selling strategy that includes social media and the Web, and a positive in-store customer experience. Retailing is as much about creating a unique in-store experience as it is about creating a differentiated and defensible market identity online (Piturro
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Summer Assignment Free Essays
Compare and contrast the government, religion, geography, and economy of the three English colonial regions. Be sure to consider the role of race, gender, and ethnicity. English colonies in America were, for the most part, successful and fruitful, albeit for starkly different reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Summer Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The three regions of New England, the Carolinas and the Chesapeake Bay had different ways of earning their ways, which translated into gaps in culture, religion, and forms of government. The economy in New England was eased off of small food farms owned by families, artisans products, and trade with Native Americans. Consisting of almost singularly Puritans wishing solace from Englandââ¬â¢s corrupt monarchy, the region became a series of small, tight-knit communities which were bound together by their hatred of England. The commonwealth nature of New England brought about elected governors and a modern-style two party government, but created a slightly socialist way of distributing wealth throughout the interconnected community. This region contrast heavily with each of the two southern regions, which were much more diverse ethnically and religiously. The Carolinas were filled with all types of European immigrants, treated mostly equally, while the Chesapeake was a refuge for Catholics and a destination for slave labor. Both the Carolinas and the Chesapeake region were based on large plots of land, headed by aristocratic leaders, although the structure differed slightly as the Carolinas fell back onto a pseudo-feudal system while the Chesapeake region had more of a slave-master dynamic. Women had a slightly bigger role In these parts as co-leaders of labor workers. Not surprisingly, the limited and geography of each region dictated what was grown there and consequently the economic systems in each region. The southern, hot, humid, flat, swampy climate gave way to rice and tobacco, grown on hundreds of acres, while the harsh winters of the north limited agriculture to small home farms. Slavery gained traction in the south as a way to raise profit margins, as landowners eschewed the practice of keeping indentured servants In favor for free labor from ââ¬Å"anonymous. The diversity of the regions was remarkable, although what would be more remarkable to the common eye would be the way they all bound together despite heir differences in the face of a common enemy, the British, in the years to come. And thought? As the beginning of revolutionary thought and action by a unified American people, the Great Awakening left its bigger mark as the sparks of revolt against the British government. The media through which it achieved this were the minds and hearts of Americans. One of the most unifying principles of Awakening thought was that all denominations of Christianity were more or less equal, giving the diverse population of the colonies a sense of belonging in a new land as opposed to the resection of Catholics and other Christian minorities in England at that time. Demonstrations by otherwise commonly such as Jonathan Edwards reduced the sense of authoritative leadership by the Awakening preachers. This sense of togetherness bound colonists as one. The Awakening also made a change in peoplesââ¬â¢ values, taking the emphasis ever so slightly off prayer and worship and instead compelling people to appreciate their own self-worth. While this shift was not universally accepted, it had a big enough impact to influence the interests of colonists towards materialism. As people began thinking for themselves instead of eating the Jumbled British church/state govern their lives, they began to see the flaws in the system they were being ruled by. The Great Awakening was the first demonstration of American culture, uniting a people more tightly than any population under the British Empire. Hey should control their own economic, political, and religious destiny? A slew of events and other influences convinced English colonists in the Americas that they be better off without Britain providing a ââ¬Å"guidingâ⬠hand. In the mid to late sass, after incurring war debts from military involvement both in the New World ND in Europe, Engla nd began imposing taxes on its colonies, using them as a scapegoat to regain lost funds. These duties seemed unfair and useless to colonists, who did not benefit from the tax, because many Bruits residing in Europe were exempt. The placement of British troops in the colonies to help enforce the taxes further annoyed colonists. This quartering, combined with fickle restrictions on settlement boundaries that prohibited settlement of colonists in thousands of acres of British territory, caused unrest and calls for internal control were heard. Having pirated without much conflict across an ocean from the technical rulers of the colonies, and having established autonomous legislative bodies such as the House of Burgesses resist Parliament, there was no apparent reason to have further governance from such an estranged leader. Enlightenment beliefs that supported religious tolerance also distanced, and in colonistsââ¬â¢ minds, elevated the ideals of the soon-to-be Americans over the British norm of strict Protestantism. The amalgamation of these different impetuses drove the colonists to believe they, and only they, should be in control of their destiny moving forward. Why did the events following the French and Indian war separate England from its colonies and serve to unite the colonies? The rift between England and its colonies continued to grow following the Seven Years War, first with the Proclamation line. This limited opportunities for westward expansion, stunting economic growth for those wishing to extend across the Appalachians. Next, a series of acts passed by Parliament whose aim was to recuperate funds lost from the war through duties on the colonies elicited both grumblings and outright protest from citizens, as well as implant with Parliamentary rule, the disobedience was a sign of things to come. Looking to counter with a stronger grip, Parliament passed the Declaratory Act, an aggressive statement saying that Parliament had the right to enforce and put in place any law at any time anywhere in the colonies. Presumably, this did not go over well with the colonists, many of whom came to the colonies to catch a break from the set- in-stone procedures of British life. The first fracture between the two sides most probably was the Boston Massacre, and its effect is prominent in the modern opinions of the event. In America, we see the Massacre as ruthless murder, while in England the killings were Just subjugation of rowdy protestors. The entire colonial system now had a common enemy. Once Parliament took over even more power in the colonies by handling the pay of Massachusetts officials, which sent of cries of despotism through the colonial population, the collective colonial disgust for Britain showed itself through the Boston Tea Party in allegory of the war soon to come that would change the face of the planet until today. Chapter 6: Analyze how the American people made the shift from separating from an imperial system to creation of a republican form of government. The announcement of American revolution prompted formation of new governments to control the people and fulfill the dream of true independence from Britain. Extricating the colonies from political influence from England was a task eagerly performed by civilians, who, at the sound of the word ââ¬Å"independence,â⬠took to the streets to level statues of British authority. While freeing America from European influence was largely achieved by war, the Continental Congress that had drafted our nationââ¬â¢s founding documents took to the more daunting task of setting up a government for he newest nation backed by a republican ideology. In the interim, questioning ââ¬Å"what it meant to be no longer English, but American,*â⬠the people of America felt lost and without identity. There were basic principles the people desired in the United States, freest of countries, such as the eradication of hierarchical protection for members of the government. Guided by these basic necessities for legislature and society as a whole, state constitutions reflected more accurately the many identities of America in each state. One differentiating factor between states was the level of democracy; hill it was important for commoners to have oversight of the government, states like Pennsylvania were chided for perhaps giving the people too much power. As time went on, these procedures were whittled closer to the Massachusetts template of building a constitution, in which the people had the final say. The US Constitution followed much of the same principles as the statesââ¬â¢, confirming the republican equality of all citizens (read white landowning men). As young America began to find states. Evaluate the key differences between the Pennsylvania and Massachusetts State Constitutions. After independence was achieved, there was a clear consensus in the United States that the nation was to be free, and a democracy. However, the degree to which democracy was implemented was up to each individual state. An excellent paragon of different interpretations of democracy is seen when the state constitutions of Pennsylvania and Massachusetts are put side by side. In the northeastern Massachusetts, where communities were tightly bound together, the freedom was given to the people, who reviewed and approved or disapproved of a working constitution at a special convention. The overall fate of the state was left in the hands f the citizens rather than a few elected officials; they had the final say. Furthermore, Massachusetts residents were sure to put boundaries on what legislators could do, such as delegating the tasks of budget control and appointment of certain officials to an assembly of normal citizens. In Pennsylvania, however, republicanism was interpreted as a super-democratic state of being, where every white, taxpaying male had an equal say, and could contribute to debates on key topics. While there was Just a single legislative house, its constituents could be changed yearly. These two points attracted raised eyebrows and had other states question Pennsylvania long-term viability with the potential for such an unstable system of government. To boot, property was nearly redistributed to compensate for the danger of ââ¬Å"an enormous proportion of property vested in a few individualsâ⬠endangering the common happiness and rights of the citizens. It seemed as if Pennsylvania was willing to resort to economic socialism to preserve political democracy. The popularizing nature of these propositions divided the state, whereas in Massachusetts, the best interests of all citizens were kept in mind to avoid conflict. How to cite Summer Assignment, Papers Summer assignment Free Essays AP Microeconomics Summer Assignment Economics is a way of looking at the world and making rational decisions based on costs and benefits. Wondering how Over the summer, please read the book, Naked Economics: Undressing the Dismal Science, by Charles Wheelan. As you read the book, take notes that will help you answer some important questions and understand economic concepts. We will write a custom essay sample on Summer assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Your task is described below. Choose any five concepts discussed and analyzed by Wheelan. (The concepts should be from different chapters in the book. Understanding the examples used in the book, try to relate these concepts to other situations that you might have experienced, or read about in the business/economic news. Create a poster, collage or a scrapbook related to your 5 economic events. Be ready to discuss your work in class. As you read the book, make a list of all the Nobel Prize winners mentioned. Be creative and have fun with the assignment. This assignment is due the first day of class. Enjoy your summer! or a scrapbook related to your 5 economic events Be ready to discuss your work in How to cite Summer assignment, Papers
Monday, April 27, 2020
The search for justice causes one to act blindly through anger, rather than through reason Essay Example For Students
The search for justice causes one to act blindly through anger, rather than through reason Essay The search for justice causes one to act blindly through anger, rather than through reason. In Shakespeares Hamlet, young Fortinbras, Laertes, and Hamlet were all looking to avenge the deaths of their fathers. They all acted on emotion, and this led to the downfall of two, and the rise to power of one. Since the Heads of the three major families were each murdered, the eldest sons of these families swore vengeance, and two of the three sons died while exacting their acts of vengeance. The central plot of Hamlet concerns a search for justice. There were three major families in the Tragedy of Hamlet. These were the family of King Fortinbras, the family of Polonius, and the family of King Hamlet. The heads of each of these families are all murdered within the play. Fortinbras, King of Norway, was killed by King Hamlet; slain by sword during a man to man battle. à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦our valiant Hamlet-for so this side of our known world esteemd him-did slay this Fortinbras. This entitled King Hamlet to the land that was possessed by Fortinbras. Polonius was the advisor to the King, and father to Laertes and Ophelia. He was nosy and arrogant, and he did not trust his children. Young Hamlet killed him while he was eves dropping on a conversation between Hamlet and his mother. We will write a custom essay on The search for justice causes one to act blindly through anger, rather than through reason specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now How now! A rat? Dead, for a ducat, dead! King Hamlet was the King of Denmark, and Hamlets father. He had killed King Fortinbras, only to be killed by his brother, Claudius. à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦My offense is rank, it smells to heaven; A brothers murderà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ Each of these events effected the sons of the deceased in the same way, it enraged them. Every one of the three eldest sons had one thing in common, they all wanted justice for a slaughtered father. In the time in which this play is set, avenging the murder of a father was part of ones honor, and had to be done. All of the three sons swore vengeance, and then acted towards getting justice for the deaths of their fathers. Young Fortinbras was deeply enraged by the death of his father, and he wanted justice against Denmark because of this occurrence. Fortinbras wanted to regain the lands that had been lost by his father to Denmark. à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Now sir, young Fortinbrasà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦as it doth well appear unto our state-but to recover of us, by strong hand and terms compulsive, those lands so by his father lostà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ Claudius sends messengers to talk to Fortinbras uncle, the new King of Norway. He forbid Fortinbras to attack Denmark, and instead convinced him to attack the Poles to vent his anger. à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦His nephews levies, which to him appeard to be a preparation gainst the Polack; But better lookd into, he truly found it was against your highnessà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦On Fortinbras; which he, in brief, obeys, receives rebuke from Norway, and, in fine, makes vow before his uncle never more to give the assay of arms against your majesty. Immediately after learning about his fathers death, Laertes returns home. He blames Claudius for the murder of his father. Laertes learns that Hamlet was responsible for his fathers death. He then decides to kill Hamlet to avenge the death of his father. He and Claudius concoct a plot to kill Hamlet. By a poisoned tipped sword, Hamlet. à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Hamlet, thou art slainà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦The treacherous instrument is in thee, unbated and envenomdà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ Hamlet was deeply sorrowed by his fathers death. He spoke to a ghost, and this ghost stated that his fathers death was a murder, by the hand of his uncle, Claudius. The serpent that did sting thy fathers life now wears his crown. Hamlet was astonished, and swore vengeance for his fathers death. He then proceeded to prove his uncles guilt, and then finally kills him while he himself is dying of poisoned wounds inflicted by Laertes during their duel. The point envenomed too! .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c , .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c .postImageUrl , .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c , .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c:hover , .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c:visited , .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c:active { border:0!important; } .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c:active , .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufcb66d303ded2fdd5e2fe74b35166e2c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Adventures Of Huck Finn And Civilization EssayThen venom, to thy workà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Here, thou incestuous, murderous, damned Dane, drink off this potion, -is thy union here? Follow my mother. This left the King dead, and his fathers death avenged. The lack of thought used in exacting the justice led to the deaths of both Laertes and Hamlet. Laertes planned with Claudius to kill Hamlet with the poisoned tipped sword, but they had not thought that the sword might be used against them. With Laertes believing the Kings accusations that Hamlet had murdered his father, he was in a blind rage, and would not listen to Hamlets explanation and apology. I am satisfied in natureà ¢Ã ¢â ¬Ã ¦to my justiceà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦I stand aloofà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦and will no reconcilementà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦But till that time, I do receive your offerd love like love, and will not wrong it. He fights Hamlet, and wounds him once with the poisoned tipped sword; but unfortunately, their swords are switched, and Hamlet wounds Laertes with the sword. That is the wound by which Laertes dies. Hamlet had many chances to kill his uncle, but his rage outweighed his intelligence; and he chooses to wait and catch Claudius in an act of evil, and then strike him down into a world of eternal damnation. Now might I do it pat, now he is prayingà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦A villain kills my father; and for that, I, his sole son, do this same villain send to heaven. Hamlet waits until he can kill his uncle while he is performing a sin, unfortunately for Hamlet, the sin is the poisoning of his own son in law. Hamlet dies of his poisoned wound. Young Fortinbras regains his fathers land, without use of violence, or death to himself. Hamlet names him new ruler of Denmark before he dies, and Fortinbras regains all of his fathers lost land, and becomes King of Denmark. Since the Heads of the three major families were each murdered, the eldest sons of these families swore vengeance, and two of the three sons died while exacting their acts of vengeance, justice is a major theme in the Tragedy of Hamlet. As a theme, justice was present in all parts of the play. It seems ironic that Claudius, Laertes, and Hamlet all died of the same sword. It is also ironic that the first the seek justice against Claudius, Fortinbras, becomes King of Denmark. The search for justice was the driving force behind three of the main characters of the play, for two it led to downfall, and for the other it led to greatness.
Thursday, March 19, 2020
Overview of Beer Industry in America - Beer Industry overview as well as how Anheuser-Busch and others have stayed on top.
Overview of Beer Industry in America - Beer Industry overview as well as how Anheuser-Busch and others have stayed on top. Beer has been made, dating back to 10, 000 B.C., monks of the middle ages were thought to be the keepers of the Bible and a basic form of beer. Before Louis Pasteur, only wild air born yeast was used. But Americans needed more. Thomas Jefferson, a revolutionary thinker of America's past thought a Beer Industry would be very influential on our economy and its growth. New Amsterdam (New York City) is where the original public brewery was located. During the Prohibition Era (1920) there were places to get beer but it was usually very week. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the man who eventually sought to get this law appealed. (www.beerinsitute.com; www.beerindustry.com; www.beerinfo.com)Here is where today's leaders were born (Anheuser-Busch, Miller, Adolph Coors). Companies came fast, 756 companies were recorded only 2 years after this law was appealed. The beer industry went through a series of changes up until Jimmy Carter legalized Home Brewing.English: Anheuser-Busch plant, St. Louis, MO USA(www.beerinfo.com) Microbreweries (less than 15,000 barrels) became very prosperous and positive for our economy. The market size of the beer industry is incredible. (The wholesale volume in the beer industry is approximately $13.7 billion. The industry employs almost 40,000 people. In 1998 there were 1,698 businesses which were comprised of 39,500 employees. The average worker is paid about $18.27 an hour. As you can see, this is a very large industry which provides many jobs to the American workforce. National market consists of ten major competitors. The Competitors in this market are Anheuser-Busch, Miller, Stroh, G. Heileman, Adolph Coors, Pabst, Genesee, C. Schmidt, Falstaff, and Pittsburgh. (www.dted.state.mn.us/PDFs/beer.pdf)A company has many issues to look at; marketing the beer, giving back to the community, and waste researches are a few examples. Marketing is extremely costly in this industry and takes an enormous...
Tuesday, March 3, 2020
What Happened During the Russian Revolution of 1917
What Happened During the Russian Revolution of 1917 In 1917, two revolutions completely changed the fabric of Russia. First, the February Russian Revolution toppled the Russian monarchy and established a Provisional Government. Then in October, a second Russian Revolution placed the Bolsheviks as the leaders of Russia, resulting in the creation of the worlds first communist country. The February 1917 Revolution Although many wanted a revolution, no one expected it to happen when it did and how it did. On Thursday, February 23, 1917, women workers in Petrograd left their factories and entered the streets to protest. It was International Womens Day and the women of Russia were ready to be heard. An estimated 90,000 women marched through the streets, shouting Bread and Down With the Autocracy! and Stop the War! These women were tired, hungry, and angry. They worked long hours in miserable conditions in order to feed their families because their husbands and fathers were at the front, fighting in World War I. They wanted change. They werent the only ones. The following day, more than 150,000 men and women took to the streets to protest. Soon more people joined them and by Saturday, February 25, the city of Petrograd was basically shut down no one was working. Although there were a few incidents of police and soldiers firing into the crowds, those groups soon mutinied and joined the protesters. Czar Nicholas II, who was not in Petrograd during the revolution, heard reports of the protests but did not take them seriously. By March 1, it was obvious to everyone except the czar himself that the czars rule was over. On March 2, 1917 it was made official when Czar Nicholas II abdicated. Without a monarchy, the question remained as to who would next lead the country. Provisional Government vs. The Petrograd Soviet Two contending groups emerged out of the chaos to claim leadership of Russia. The first was made up of former Duma members and the second was the Petrograd Soviet. The former Duma members represented the middle and upper classes while the Soviet represented workers and soldiers. In the end, the former Duma members formed a Provisional Government which officially ran the country. The Petrograd Soviet allowed this because they felt that Russia was not economically advanced enough to undergo a true socialist revolution. Within the first few weeks after the February Revolution, the Provisional Government abolished the death penalty, granted amnesty for all political prisoners and those in exile, ended religious and ethnic discrimination, and granted civil liberties. What they did not deal with was an end to the war, land reform, or better quality of life for the Russian people. The Provisional Government believed Russia should honor its commitments to its allies in World War I and continue fighting. V.I. Lenin did not agree. Lenin Returns From Exile Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, leader of the Bolsheviks, was living in exile when the February Revolution transformed Russia. Once the Provisional Government allowed back political exiles, Lenin boarded a train in Zurich, Switzerland and headed home. On April 3, 1917, Lenin arrived in Petrograd at the Finland Station. Tens of thousands of workers and soldiers had come to the station to greet Lenin. There were cheers and a sea of red, waving flags. Not able to get through, Lenin jumped on top of a car and gave a speech. Lenin at first congratulated the Russian people for their successful revolution. However, Lenin had more to say. In a speech made just hours later, Lenin shocked everyone by denouncing the Provisional Government and calling for a new revolution. He reminded the people that the country was still at war and that the Provisional Government had done nothing to give the people bread and land. At first, Lenin was a lone voice in his condemnation of the Provisional Government. But Lenin worked ceaselessly over the following few months and eventually, people began to really listen. Soon many wanted Peace, Land, Bread! The October 1917 Russian Revolution By September 1917, Lenin believed the Russian people were ready for another revolution. However, other Bolshevik leaders were not yet quite convinced. On October 10, a secret meeting of the Bolshevik party leaders was held. Lenin used all his powers of persuasion to convince the others that it was time for an armed insurrection. Having debated through the night, a vote was taken the following morning it was ten to two in favor of a revolution. The people themselves were ready. In the very early hours of October 25, 1917, the revolution began. Troops loyal to the Bolsheviks took control of the telegraph, power station, strategic bridges, post office, train stations, and state bank. Control of these and other posts within the city were handed over to the Bolsheviks with barely a shot fired. By late that morning, Petrograd was in the hands of the Bolsheviks all except the Winter Palace where the leaders of the Provisional Government remained. Prime Minister Alexander Kerensky successfully fled but by the following day, troops loyal to the Bolsheviks infiltrated the Winter Palace. After nearly a bloodless coup, the Bolsheviks were the new leaders of Russia. Nearly immediately, Lenin announced that the new regime would end the war, abolish all private land ownership, and would create a system for workers control of factories. Civil War Unfortunately, as well intended as Lenins promises might have been, they proved disastrous. After Russia pulled out of World War I, millions of Russian soldiers filtered home. They were hungry, tired, and wanted their jobs back. Yet there was no extra food. Without private land ownership, farmers began to grow just enough produce for themselves; there was no incentive to grow more. There were also no jobs to be had. Without a war to support, factories no longer had vast orders to fill. None of the peoples real problems were fixed; instead, their lives became much worse. In June 1918, Russia broke out in civil war. It was the Whites (those against the Soviets, which included monarchists, liberals, and other socialists) against the Reds (the Bolshevik regime). Near the beginning of the Russian Civil War, the Reds were worried that the Whites would free the czar and his family, which would not only have given the Whites a psychological boost but might have led to the restoration of the monarchy in Russia. The Reds were not going to let that happen. On the night of July 16-17, 1918, Czar Nicholas, his wife, their children, the family dog, three servants, and the family doctor were all woken up, taken to the basement, and shot. The Civil War lasted over two years and was bloody, brutal, and cruel. The Reds won but at the expense of millions of people killed. The Russian Civil War dramatically changed the fabric of Russia. The moderates were gone. What was left was an extreme, vicious regime that was to rule Russia until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Saturday, February 15, 2020
The British Bill of Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
The British Bill of Rights - Essay Example hout an enforceable Bill of Rights.6 "Great Britain was once a fortress for freedom. It claimed the great philosophers of liberty-Milton and Locke and Paine and Mill. Its legal tradition is irradiated with liberal ideas; that people accused of crime are presumed to be innocent, that no one owns another's conscience, that a man's home is his castle. But now Britain offers less formal legal protection to central freedom than most of its neighbours in Europe." Gordon and Wilmot-Smith argues that UK is not in a very satisfactory position when it comes to human rights-the elective dictatorship of the majority means that, by and large, the government of the day can get in its way, even if its majority is small.8 Gordon further explained- 'If its programme or its practice involves some derogation from huma... If it is a result of administrative practice, there may well be no basis upon which they can interfere. There is no higher law, no frame of reference to which they can properly appeal and none of this matter very much if human rights themselves are not thought to matter very much. But if the protection of its citizen's fundamental rights is genuinely seen as an important function of civil society, then it does matter. In saying this, I do not suggest-and I must stress this-that the present government or any of its predecessors has acted with wilful or cynical disregard of fundamental human rights.'9 The United Kingdom has endured for centuries with no written constitution, but absorbed a European regional Charter of Rights in 2000.10 An example of its consequence, because parliament has not authorised the British courts to provide remedies, victims of human rights abuses have to take the long and expensive road trips to Strasbourg to secure justice; and while the convention has been used to extend and protect some of the people's basic liberties in the face of increasing authoritarian state power, the decisions of the judges of the European Court are often disappointingly narrow.11 There is an ongoing debate about whether or not there should be a Bill of Rights for the United Kingdom.12 Thomas Jefferson opined that 'a bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth'.13 Truly, bills of rights have assumed particular and renewed importance in an extraordinary number of countries in all parts of the world.14 Furthermore, Alston reasons that any bill of rights worthy of the name should express some basic principles of equality, human dignity and non-discrimination,
Sunday, February 2, 2020
Communication and Conflict Chapter 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Communication and Conflict Chapter 6 - Essay Example Second principle is that each discrete emotion serves different functions; they help us organize perception, cognitions, and actions in order to pursue attempts to cope and create. In this regard, different emotions assist us in accomplishing different tasks in resolving conflicts. Third principle is that significant personal situations are those that trigger organized patterns of emotions. In short, emotions happen in an organized manner, with one emotion regulating other emotions. Emotions interact with each other in coherent ways; this is how persons can address their conflicts, even though conflicts are highly complex and may be confusing. Emotions create an orderly response to conflicts. Fourth principle is that people develop emotion-behavior patterns as children, and build on them as they grow and mature. For instance, the crying jags of toddlers adjust to more restrained behaviours as one grows older. The fifth principle is that individual personalities are built upon blocks of emotion-behaviour patterns, and lastly, emotions trigger difficult behaviour in response to certain triggers. One misconception about emotion is that it is a hindrance to resolving conflicts. For many people, emotions are thought to be irrational, uncontrollable, and will tend to escalate they remain unexpressed. The tendency therefore is for people (who believe that emotions are a hindrance) to ignore their emotions; emotions are seen as a negative thing, a sign of weakness, and should not be expressed at work. Emotional people are thought to be out of control, so it is important to try to justify feelings logically so that they could be put in control. Many times, the expression of emotions are thought to be a burden to the listeners, so our modern rational culture tells us not to express emotions, or to avoid those who do. Moreso even, mature, well-adjusted people are misconceived to be
Saturday, January 25, 2020
Submarines in the Revolutionary and Civil Wars Essay -- American Ameri
Submarines in the Revolutionary and Civil Wars The Trident Submarine houses twenty-four nuclear warheads with each having a range of 4,600 miles over land. If a nuclear war were to break out between the Soviet Union and the United States, virtually every major city could be destroyed in a matter of hours. The origin of these major players in modern day warfare lies in the Revolutionary and Civil Wars. A Dutchman named Cornelus Van Drebbel, made the very first submarine in 1652, to fight the mighty Spanish ship called the Rotterdam Boat. It carried about twelve oarsmen and even had an air circulator. It never saw any action. In the American Revolutionary War, a manned underwater craft named the American Turtle (or the "water-machine") was used against the British Navy. David Brushnell designed this ingenious machine in 1771. The submarine was a one manned, egg-shaped vessel which was propelled by hand-operated screw-like devices. It was bottom-heavy in order for it to remain upright. The operator would plant a submersible mine that could be triggered by a simple clockwork mechanism. He could paddle away after he attached the magazine of gunpowder onto the enemy ship. The operator could stay under for about thirty minutes The American Turtle was ready for her initial mission on September 6, 1776, just after midnight in the New York Harbor. The operator, Ezra Lee, failed in his attempt to sink the HMS Eagle because he failed to secure the screw of the gunpowder magazine to the ship. The Turtle made two more attempts to sink enemy ships but they both failed. The end of the American Turtle is unknown. Some think she was accidentally sunk, dismantled, or destroyed. The Turtle was the very first submarine to be used in the... ...come of the Revolutionary War. The submarines in the Civil War were very unimportant as well. Only one ship, the Housatonic, was sunk by the hands of a submarine in the entire war. The Southern navy did not even put much stock into submarine warfare because they only built a couple during the entire war. So overall, submarines were of no significance during either the Revolutionary War or the Civil War. But, these early developments of the submarine were extremely important because they lead to the later more advanced submarines that were used in future wars in which they did play a major role in. For example, in World War II, German U-boats terrorized the sea and played an important role in World War II. These, and others like the modern day Tridents, would not of exist if it were not for the early developments of submarines during the Civil and Revolutionary Wars.
Friday, January 17, 2020
Killer Joe and Gender Representations
Critical observations of unbalanced representations of gender In William Friedkinââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Totally twisted deep-fried Texas redneck trailer park murder storyâ⬠Killer Joe Freeman 1 British film theorist Laura Mulvey has spent her career using psychoanalysis to uncover pre-set molds and social expectations about gender and sexuality, to interpret classic Hollywood films. Mulvey has argued that there are three ways in which gender is represented within Hollywood cinema. First, she argues that women lack control and meaning, thus fueling their desire for the penis and power of a man.She also states that women exist as a silent opposition to the dominant man (a child-bearing subject merely in relation to). Last, this essay will argue that women are meant to carry no significance of their own but acting as merely a threatening obstacle for the male to ââ¬Å"overcomeâ⬠or re-work (Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, 1975). Laura Mulvey and her views on female representa tions and gender roles within Hollywood films still prevail with fundamental relevance in modern Hollywood cinema.This essay will underline the truths of Mulveyââ¬â¢s observations by using William Friedkinââ¬â¢s violently obscene farce Killer Joe (2011) to argue that Mulveyââ¬â¢s article, no matter how outdated, can still be used to address prominent and modern examples of unbalanced sexual representations within Hollywood cinema. On the surface it may seem very obvious that the men have the power in this film due to how the women are represented and treated.But, as Killer Joe unfolds the question is whether it is the women with the power, or just an obvious desire for power fueled by their lack of meaning, control, and a phallus, as Mulvey has mentioned in previous years. The first man we see in the film is young and weak, wet, vulnerable, locked out of the trailer and getting violent. He is verbally demeaning towards his younger sister Dottie as if it were her fault that he is locked out, and her purpose to wake up and let him in.Dottie Smith is the first female we see, and becomes a central subject for the ruthless male ââ¬â she Freeman 2 lacks authority, lacks independence, and her fetal position is an obvious symbol for needing nurturing from a stronger being. Dottie is made to appear lonesome, without companionship or passion. As she lies there, Friedkin intends to focus on Dottieââ¬â¢s innocent aspects, such as her belongings: dollhouses, stuffed animals, pink curtains, teen-pop heartthrobs taped to the walls, although the young woman in the bed appears to be too old for such childish decor.The second woman we see is placed directly in front of the camera by her unruly crotch. Her face appears after we become acquainted with her lower half, with makeup smeared down her cheekbones and her nipples exposed from under a thin sweat-stained shirt. The first two women in this film are polar opposites (one a fragile blonde virgin who sleeps with stuffed animals, and Sharla, an older brunette women a little too comfortable with her sexuality).This difference expresses to us that this story will focus hugely upon the different aspects of woman as a representation, and highlight that Laura Mulveyââ¬â¢s views on women are still incredibly relevant throughout Friedkinââ¬â¢s film. Mulvey also mentions that the act of looking is a source of pleasure for the male scotophil. The explicit placement of the camera exhibits these women and their features to the audience as sexual spectacles while it solicits our attention, shapes our opinions about women to make ââ¬Å"erotic lookersâ⬠out of us, and creates an unevenly distributed ââ¬Å"power to lookâ⬠(Mulvey, 1975).The young male, Chris Smith, is hardly phased by his step mothers exposed vagina in his face because it is insinuated that he has either seen it before, seen many others like it before, or that she is so disgusting to him that her crotch means nothing to him sexually or even in regards as a human being. Chris is allowed to expose himself while urinating while Sharla yells for him to close the door. Chrisââ¬â¢ penis is allowed to be exposed to women as a sign of power Freeman 3 and manipulation, while a womanââ¬â¢s exposed vagina is a sign of weakness, objectiveness, and sleaziness.After all of this, she grabs a beer from the fridge before putting any clothes on. She is an over sexualized woman, a sexual spectical, while also appearing to be very masculine in her actions, which is to assume that certain actions and characteristics of both male and female are set in stone to shape our expectations of gender in Hollywood cinema. The beer before pants, the over exposure of her body, and the way Sharla speaks to her step-son are all actions that a man might follow through with, and she does this in a way that expresses her desire for authority, for a penis like the men she obviously idolizes.Sharla and Chris physically fight as if they were both men ââ¬â she desperately wants to fit into their world, but she is cast away like an unusable piece of meat once her duty to grab them beers has been filled. At thirteen minutes we see Dottie practicing Kung-Fu to a Jet Li movie on the television, which is an example of her wishing she were stronger, wishing she had the ability and the ââ¬Å"ballsâ⬠to fight against evil when in reality she is more like a play-thing for her Father, Ansel Smith, Chris and for Joe Cooper.Women lack control, yet they desire it, desire the power of the dominant male gender, and Killer Joe establishes the female characters in the same way that Laura Mulvey had expressed this view in 1975 as being an underlying representation of women throughout Hollywood cinema. Mulvey also argues that women exist as a mere childbearing relation to the male, as a silent opposition that is not a gender of itââ¬â¢s own, but a male-like figure lacking in its significant source of superiority: the phallus.Essentially, social constructions would argue that women are born more naturally gentle and nurturing because of their ability to breed, while men are naturally born with more acceptable aggression, enabling them to Freeman 4 ââ¬Å"protectâ⬠their gentle mate (Media and Society 5th ed. , 350-351). Thirty-four seconds into the film we have heard a zippo lighter, purposeful footsteps, and a shotgun cocked and blast before we are shown anything, visually. From those sounds alone, the film carries a grunge-country, plaid-wearing, sweaty-man undertone that never ceases to leave the screen.An angry storm, angry pit-bull and a sloppy trailer park establish the setting of the film, forewarning us that this is a ââ¬Å"mansâ⬠film, and is anything but clean. Ansel and Chris, father and son, are talking about Dottieââ¬â¢s virginity as if she has not lived out her purpose to society yet until she finally gives it up. The inheritance of Dottieââ¬â¢s mother Adele went t o her scumbag boyfriend Rex before her daughter, (whom we find out she tired to kill as a baby). This expresses that women will always fall to the feet of the male superior, as Mulvey has mentioned.Ansel and Sharla talk about Dottie sleeping with cowboy-in-black Joe Cooper for the first time as if satisfying him sexually will benefit the family. They force her to get a dress, look pretty, because ââ¬Å"If she donââ¬â¢t know whatââ¬â¢s expected of her, she might disappoint him! â⬠(Sharla, Killer Joe). Mulveyââ¬â¢s idea that women are merely objects for childbearing is hugely represented when Dottie finally stands up for herself at the end of Killer Joe, kills her family in an act that could only come from the confidence of carrying a child and a loaded phallus.Sharla loses all invisible phallic confidence that she once had, when Joe kicks the shit out of her. Sharla never wanted kids ââ¬â she was never a woman with the maternal instinct, therefore she carried no s ignificance or necessary female attributes that satisfied the man. Sharla tries to overcome the obligations of her gender by cheating on her husband with a younger man, but the photo proof of their sex life backfires on her when Joe uses her bold promiscuity against her as if it were her duty as a woman to be gentle, easily Freeman 5 anipulated, and loyal ââ¬â only the men are allowed variety. Like this essay has stated, Friedkinââ¬â¢s Killer Joe is an obvious expression of Laura Mulvey views on the male-authoritative being objective towards women and their abilities as human beings outside of their ability to reproduce. Which brings this essay to the third statement, which emphasizes that women are meant to carry no significance of their own as a lone-standing gender, but as Laura Mulvey indicates, act as a threatening obstacle for the male to ââ¬Å"overcomeâ⬠or re-work into something acceptable, and useable.Regine-Mihal Friedman, author of educational article Invisib le Metamorphosis (2012), proves in her modern film analysis that the on-screen representation of sexual violence against women has always been a customary theme of cinematic narration, not only in Hollywood as Mulvey mentions, but within international cinema as well. Ansel Smith of Killer Joe is constantly in the ââ¬Å"dog-houseâ⬠because of Sharla. She wears the pants, carries the symbolic penis in the relationship and she likes it that way. It is her relationship with Corvette Rex that makes her feel dominated, and she appreciates both aspects of her relationships.When Sharla is with Ansel she can have the power and the penis, and while she is with Rex she is able to figuratively and literally lay back and be taken and overcome by the penis. Chris comes to live with Ansel and Sharla because of his relationship with his mother, Adele, and her empowerment over him, causing the reoccurring question throughout the film ââ¬Å"did you hit her, again? â⬠(Ansel, Sharla, Kille r Joe). For some reason, Chris and Ansel feel entitled to a cut of what Dottie is inherited, again, taking the power away from the phallus-longing female.Chris feels like he is getting back at his mother for everything she did to him and his sister Dottie. Instead of taking the blame for his own mistakes, every one of Freeman 6 his problems falls on Adele, and she must die because of it: active male, female problem solved. Dottie appears nude in a dream that Chris has about her where she slips her robe off to reveal her naked body, but instead of giving him sexual favors, she holds her fists up and stands in a fighter position as if to say ââ¬Å"I am woman, hear me roar! He wakes up terrified, either because of his incestuous dream, or because a supposedly passive female is attempting to overpower his role as the active male ââ¬â could be both. Again, this proves that a male audience needs to look voyeuristically to maintain power, anonymity, creating an erotic mystery to havin g seen without being seen (Mulvey, 1975). When Dottie officially becomes Joeââ¬â¢s retainer for the lack of payment by the Smith family, she is officially in Joeââ¬â¢s hands, whatever he says goes, whatever he needs and craves (including her virginity) he claims, and takes.Her body is his to construct, his to mold into something acceptable, something that fits into his life, and fits over his dominance, his penis, forever like a piece of clay. Dottie is easily pressured into sleeping with him and becomes ââ¬Å"comfortableâ⬠in the black dress when Joe offers her flowers and a ââ¬Å"heartfeltâ⬠story about his youth. She is no longer the feisty Jet Li wannabe that Joe once saw her as; Dottie has allowed Joe to ââ¬Å"fixâ⬠her, to impregnate her, and to make her existence purposeful.Sharla, the overly confident manipulative whore who believes that she can do, say, get away with anything is put in her place when she makes Joe Cooper ejaculate in his pants while sucking on a KFC chicken wing held to his crotch. To overpower the women you must make her bow down to you, suck you off (suggestively), while waving a piece of chicken (your dominance) in her face. The film concludes with Clarence Carterââ¬â¢s Strokinââ¬â¢, a song that could tell you a lot about Laura Mulveyââ¬â¢s views on themesFreeman 7 of sexually dominated women throughout Hollywood cinema as a whole, and precisely, Freidkinââ¬â¢s Killer Joe. Killer Joe has taught us many things: If the women want the penis so bad, we should give it to them, that a pregnant women is a powerful women but only if she is literally holding a big deadly penis in her hands (cocked and ready to blow bullets at you), and that if you take that penis away, she is nothing but an annoying piece of KFC being waved in your face, begging for significance.Film theorist Laura Mulveyââ¬â¢s three views regarding a womanââ¬â¢s need for the male phallus, their obligation to reproduce, and that wom en are never exceptional creatures until the man makes them so, has been proven to appear in both classic and modern Hollywood cinema. William Friedkinââ¬â¢s obscene murder-story Killer Joe is an undeniable example of how Laura Mulveyââ¬â¢s ideas are still very apparent when observing unbalanced representations of gender throughout Hollywood Cinema. Freeman 8 Works CitedKiller Joe. Dir. William Friedkin. Perf. Matthew McConaughey. Voltage Pictures, 2011. Film. Mulvey, Laura. Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. Screen (Society for Education in Film and Television), 16:3 (Autumn 1975): 6-18. Oââ¬â¢Shaughnessy, M. , & Stadler. (2012). Media and Society Fifth Edition. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1999) Friedman, R. -M. (2012). Invisible Metamorphoses, Studies in Documentary Film, 6:3, pp. 273ââ¬â290, doi: 10. 1386/sdf. 6. 3. 273_1
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
The Information Security Risk On The Life And Solutions
Introduction In this generation of advance Information Technology, people exchange the information using numerous devices to accomplish their task in routine life. Information which used to be recorded on paper is now taking form of electronic record. Personal Information is now more feasible to access or destruct for the attacker because of weak IT security like virus or attack to the system or network. To protect the privacy, individual should secure their information. However, the only way to determine flaws and recognize threats, weather it is technical or non-technical or any other, is to find vulnerability and perform risk assessments. In this paper, we will discuss the information security risk in the life and solutions to mitigateâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦For the information security, it is essential to find risks related to the use, processing, storage, and transmission of information or data and the processes and systems used for that. Unauthorized access, usage, recording, modification, distraction, etc. are the risk to the information security. There are many different ways through which personal information can be lost or accessed, misused, modified, or disclosed. Common risks to the information security are described below: â⬠¢ Unauthorized access or misuse of records by a friend or colleague or any other familiar person. â⬠¢ Hacking or other illegal acquisition of system or device database or information by outsider. â⬠¢ By mistake disclosure or sending of information to wrong person or organization. â⬠¢ Failure to store or organize information properly and securely. â⬠¢ Loss or theft of portable storage devices, paper documents, computer or any other equipment containing personal information. In order to develop a proper security which can protects critical data, systems, and other resources, individual must first understand what it is facing in terms of potential sources of harm that may exploit existing vulnerabilities. Threat assessment identifies potential sources of attack to information assets and estimating the probability and consequences associated with their action. Understanding of the source of attacks, along with their likelihood of
Tuesday, December 31, 2019
Essay on Childhood and Individual Training Plan - 36789 Words
Your Induction Workbook Name Elizabeth Freshwater Job title Team Leader Organisation Northerncare Date 20/04/2012 Induction Standards Workbook Contents 2 Contents Contents 3 Chapter 7: Standard 1: understand the principles and values essential for working with children and young people 37 Chapter 9: Standard 3: understand health and safety requirements 56 Chapter 10: Standard 4: know how to communicate effectively 69 Chapter 11: Standard 5: understand the development of children and young people 88 Chapter 12: Standard 6: safeguard children (keep them safe from harm) 105 Chapter 13: Standard 7: develop yourself 118 Chapter 14: what next? 18 Chapter 8: Standard 2: understand your role in the children and young peopleââ¬â¢sâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦By completing this induction standard you will be demonstrating a commitment to the Childrenââ¬â¢s Workforce Network (CWN) vision and principles for induction to the children and young peopleââ¬â¢s workforce and the CWN values for integrated working. See appendix 6 on page 152 of the guidance notes. Relationship to the other CWDC induction standards This standard is about the principles that underpin all the other standards, so your knowledge and work in other areas will be assessed using the values in this standard. Induction Standards Workbook Standard 1 5 Standard 1: understand the principles and values essential for working with children and young people Area of knowledge 1: principles and values Learning outcomes a. Demonstrate that you care about the principles and values essential for working with children, young people, their families and their carers. b. Identify and know about any codes of practice relevant to your work. A code of practice gives helpful guidance and lays down the standards expected to support good practice. Sample questions a. Think of a particular situation when you were able to treat children, young people, their families and their carers with respect. b. Now think of another situation when you were able to treat children, young people, their families and their carers as equals. c. In both of these situations, how did it make you feel and howShow MoreRelatedEarly Childhood Teacher And A Psychologist1525 Words à |à 7 Pages Job Description 7-5 2.1. Early Childhood Teacher 4 2.1.1 Tasks 5 2.1.2. Personal Requirements 5 2.1.3. Education and Training 5 2.2. Psychologist 5-7 2.2.1 Tasks 5 2.2.2. Personal Requirements 6 2.2.3. Education and Training 7 3. My Personal Skills, Attributes and Values 7-8 3.1. Skills 7 3.2. Attributes 7 3.3. Values 8 4. Which Job Do I Suit Better? 8 ContentsÃ¢â¬Æ' 1. Introduction Two jobs that I have always been extremely interested in include, an early childhood teacher and a psychologist. I believeRead MoreSample Resume : Early Childhood Development926 Words à |à 4 PagesScience Position Title: Early Childhood Development Teacher In accordance with Section 648A Staff Qualifications and Development of the Head Start Act, ââ¬Å"each Head Start agency and program shall create, in consultation with each employee, a professional development plan. This plan shall include all employees who provide direct services to children and shall ensure that such plans are regularly evaluated for their impact on teacher and staff effectiveness.â⬠1. What is my plan for achieving the educationalRead MoreSurvivors Of Childhood Sexual Abuse1458 Words à |à 6 Pagesdifficult time overcoming the trauma. Victims struggle overcoming the trauma and heightening their self-worth. In individual therapy, clients often like to live in the past which makes it difficult to learn how to cope in the here and now. 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In thisRead MoreOrganization : Sfu Childcare Society Essay1124 Words à |à 5 PagesORGANIZATION: SFU CHILDCARE SOCIETY SFU Childcare Society/Centre is a non-profit organization that is affiliated with Simon Fraser university that offers its students, staff and faculty early childhood care and after school care. It offers various programs for children between the age of 3 -12 SFU Childcare Centresââ¬â¢ mission is ââ¬Å"Leading excellence in Early Care and Learning in a sustainable wayâ⬠and their vision is to create an environment where children can develop their potential through freedomRead MoreChildhood Obesity in Saudi Arabia1348 Words à |à 6 PagesDescribe a challenge or opportunity associated with improving public health in a selected region of the world. Childhood Obesity is one of the vastest challenges that faces the globe generally and Saudi Arabia specifically; obesity in children is an epidemic problem internationally that requires the collaboration of health care providers. The overweight children and adolescentââ¬â¢s number have multiplied in the last decades in the progressed countries where there is an apparent alteration in activities
Monday, December 23, 2019
Philosophy of Rouseau and Lord of the Flies by William...
Living in modern societies, it can be difficult to decipher what person would be like in a natural state; without civilizations, rules, and punishments for misbehavior. Does society corrupt our morals or does it keep us civil? The philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that people are inherently good. Without civilizations, humans are good beings with empathy, kindness, and well-developed morals. However, he believed that societies corrupt our morals and are what make the change in us to become ââ¬Å"evilâ⬠or ââ¬Å"badâ⬠. The author of the novel Lord of the Flies, William Golding, however, believed that in a primitive environment, humans are evil. Without a society watching over us, humans will become barbaric brutes. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (born 1712) was a philosopher whose beliefs were that humans, in a natural, primitive state without the influence of any societies, are good beings. Peopleââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"uncorrupted moralsâ⬠are not washed away when they are without societies. Rousseau also believed that a society is what corrupts a human. He believed ââ¬Å"ownershipâ⬠of land or property is a lie, because the products of Earth are for all humans to share, saying: The first man who, having fenced in a piece of land, said This is mine, and found people naà ¯ve enough to believe him, that man was the true founder of civil society. From how many crimes, wars, and murders, from how many horrors and misfortunes might not any one have saved mankind, by pulling up the stakes, or filling up
Sunday, December 15, 2019
Why Was Hitler Appointed Chancellor in January 1933 Free Essays
Why was Hitler appointed Chancellor in January 1933 On the 30th January 1933, one of the most important events of the twentieth century occurred, Adolf Hitler, leader of the Nazi Party, became Chancellor of Germany. From its foundations as a small, anti-communist party in the aftermath of World War I it was now the leading political party in Germany. Hitler would eventually become Fuhrer and provoke a second world war. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Was Hitler Appointed Chancellor in January 1933 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hitlerââ¬â¢s rise to power was based upon long term factors and can not be attributed to one event but a mixture of factors including events occurring outside Germany, the strengths of the Nazi party, the weakness of the other parties within Germany, resentment in the German people, the weakness of the Weimar system which he took advantage of through propaganda, the terror of his storm troopers and the fineness of his speeches. Hitler used these factors to his benefit and in 1933 he legitimately gained power to become chancellor. November 1923 was when Hitler first tried to seize power in the Munich Putsch he marched to Berlin with his followers to take over control but they never actually left Munich. During this time 16 Naziââ¬â¢s were killed and 3 policemen. Although Hitler went to prison for this, he used this time to dictate his book ââ¬ËMein Kampfââ¬â¢, he had show trials which boosted propaganda and became an almost celebrity. Hitler was meant to be in jail for 5 years, but was let out after 9 months. By now he was already starting to catch the attention of the public ââ¬â a strong nationalist leader appealed to them. In 1929 the American Stock Exchange collapsed and caused an economic depression this was called the Wall Street Crash and led to America calling in all of its foreign loans, which in turn destroyed Weimar Germany. Unemployment then rose to 6 million in Germany. The government cut expenditures, wages and unemployment pay and they started to print more money, by now Germany was in a really bad state and no one knew how they would get themselves out of this rut. Many workers turned to communism which inevitably frightened wealthy businessmen who ââ¬Ëfueled the fireââ¬â¢ by giving Hitler the money to run his propaganda election campaigns. Deep anger about the First World War and the Treaty of Versailles created an underlying bitterness to which Hitlerââ¬â¢s viciousness and expansionism appealed. Nazi propaganda persuaded the German masses to believe that the Jews were to blame and that Hitler was their last hope. In fact, there were many people in Germany who wanted a return to dictatorship. Hitler was a brilliant speaker; he was a good organiser and politician. He was a driven, unstable man, who believed that he had been called by God to become dictator of Germany and rule the world. This kept him going when other people might have given up. His self-belief persuaded people to believe in him. Propaganda alone was a really important factor in Hitlerââ¬â¢s rise to power, it ââ¬Ëbrainwashedââ¬â¢ the German people into electing them through techniques of persuasion and reinforced existing attitudes and beliefs. Parades, symbols, uniforms, banners, bands and the marching columns of the SA attracted attention and interest. Germans turned to Nazism because they were desperate, the number of Nazi seats in the Reichstag rose from 12 in 1928 to 230 in July 1932. In November 1932 elections the Nazis again failed to get a majority of seats in the Reichstag. Their share of the vote fell ââ¬â from 230 seats to only 196. Franz von Papen who was the current Chancellor could not get enough support in the Reichstag, therefore Hindenburg and von Papen were having to govern by emergency decree under Article 48 of the Constitution and offered Hitler the post of vice-Chancellor if he promised to support them. Hitler refused ââ¬â he demanded to be made Chancellor, so Von Papen and Hindenburg took a risk believing that by having only 2 other Nazis they would be able to keep control. Many people believe that Hitler took control by force but, in actual fact, he was given it. How to cite Why Was Hitler Appointed Chancellor in January 1933, Essay examples
Saturday, December 7, 2019
Divergent Evolution of English Property Law
Question: Discuss about the Divergent Evolution of English Property Law. Answer: Introduction: Maria, after her divorce, bought Trafalgar house in March 2015. She was registered as the sole legal owner of the property. She shifted to the house with Philip who paid an amount of 75000 as the purchase price of the house against which an express trust was created confirming Philips interest. On 6 March 2016, Maria leased an extension to the property to Saeed that was to commence on 5 August 2016 and was to last for one year. Davinia, neighbor of Maria claims that on 28 March 2016 she was given easementary right over the back of Marias garden. Then, Hillary, Marias friend claims that Maria entered into a contract to sell the house to her on 15 April 2016. On 4 July 2016, Maria sold the house to Kenneth in the absence of Philip who was in South Africa at the time of sale. In English Law, when more than one person owns a land, the ownership of the land is acquired through a trust of the land. A trust of land distinguishes the lawful title of the land from the equitable ownership rights. The trustees hold the land on trust on behalf of the beneficiaries who are entitled to the rights of the equitable ownership. Co-ownership may be recognized as tenancy in common and joint tenancy. In case of joint tenancy, all the co-owners of the land own the entire property together. It includes the following four essential elements: Unity of possession- each owner is entitled to possess the entire property and cannot prohibit the other parties from any part of the property; Unity of title- the right to title of all the owners must be acquired through the same transaction. Unity of interest- the interest arising from the transaction is same for all the parties. Unity of time- all the parties acquired the interest at the same time. In tenancy in common, not all the tenants own the property, instead each of the tenants are entitled to their separate shares. As it is not feasible to divide the property among the tenants, they own their separate estimated shares to the property. In cases where there is a sole legal owner of the land but other people have contributed in the payment of the property, there still arises a trust even in the absence of a written declaration and such a trust is known as implied trusts. A trust can also arise in the form of an express trust constructive trust and resulting trust. EXPRESS TRUST - In English Law, an express trust is the declaration by the legal owner of a property that they hold the property on trust for particular beneficiaries. An express trust, in order to be valid must include these essential elements certainty of intention, subject matter and object. The importance of these conditions were recognized by Lord Langdale MR in the famous case of Knight v Knight where the principle was established that an express trust cannot be formed in the absence of these essential certainties. According to section 53(1) (b) of Law of the Property Act 1925, the declaration must be in written format and contain the signature of the legal person declaring the trust. It must include the material terms of the trust. In case there is no such document that creates a trust, the intention can be determined from the conduct or words of the parties. In Morice v Bishop of Durham, it is held that certainty regarding the object determines who the beneficiaries are so that the court can decree performance in favor of the beneficiaries. Moreover, each tenant under the tenancy in common, possesses an individual share in the property that is co-owned with the other tenant. The owners in a tenancy in common property are entitled to sell or mortgage their individual shares. However, all the co-owners are entitled to use the entire property irrespective of the percentage of shares held by them. The owners are not entitled to transfer or dispose of anything except their respective shares. The tenants in common can lease, mortgage, sell the property provided all the owners agree for the same. In the absence of such agreement the entire property cannot be sold or given or mortgaged by any one of the tenants. In case of sale, the new owner of the property under the tenancy in common agreement inherits all the privileges and the rights of the tenancy. The tenants in common, individually, cannot make any changes in the property without the consent of all the owners. When one of the co-owners of the property sales his individual interest in the property, it depends on the buyer whether to pay the market value after taking into consideration all the issues associated with the tenancy. Application In express trusts, the parties are at liberty to decide as to what extent they are entitled to the trust. The parties or tenants mention in the written document their respective shares in the payment of the property and set out other conditions relating to the sale of the trust property[9]. However in this given case, an express trust has been drawn against Phillip but the extent to which both Maria and Philip is entitled to the trust is not mentioned. The written declaration must include the extent of shareholding of each tenant as held in the case of Goodman v Gallant. However, in the absence of any express trust or in case the parties fail to declare their extent of entitlement to the trust, beneficial entitlement is implied from the conduct of the parties to the tenancy agreement. In this case, Maria and Phillip are parties or tenants in common to the property. Maria is not entitled to sell or lease the property without the consent of Phillip. Maria is entitled to sell or lease her undivided interest in the property, but in the given case, neither Maria nor Phillip has specifically mentioned the percentage of their shares in the property. However, in the absence of any such specification, the court usually assumes that the property is held in equal shares. Maria is alleged to have given easementary right of way to Davinia over her house garden. She is not entitled to give easementary right as her undivided interest is not specifically mentioned. Maria has sold the property to her Hillary, which is also not valid as she is not the sole owner of the property and being a tenant in common, she did not receive consent from the other tenant in common either. Further, she entered into another sale contract to sell the house with Kenneth, which is also not a valid sale contract because she has already sold the house to Hillary. Reference list Anderson, Jerry L. "The Divergent Evolution of English Property Law."ABA Probate and Property5 (2015). Bridge, Michael.Personal property law. OUP Oxford, 2015. Cross, Emma. "The Validity of Trusts: Is the Beneficiary Principle Still a Relevant Requirement."Exeter Student L. Rev.1 (2015): 28. Hudson, Alastair.Equity and trusts. Routledge, 2012. Morgan, Rachel. "The Difference between the Acquisition of Rights and the Quantification of Shares of Co-Ownership Interests in Land."Exeter Student L. Rev.1 (2015): 35. Penner, J. E. "The (True) Nature of a Beneficiarys Equitable Proprietary Interest under a Trust."The Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence02 (2014): 473-500. Penner, James.The law of trusts. Oxford University Press, 2016. Pettit, Philip H.Equity and the Law of Trusts. Oxford University Press, 2012. Sexton, Roger, and Barbara Bogusz.Complete land law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press, 2013. Sitkoff, Robert H. "Trusts and Estates: Implementing Freedom of Disposition." (2014).
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